Resources - AMEC Integrated Evaluation Framework

TERMINOLOGIE ET DICTIONNAIRE DE LA MESURE ET DE LA RECHERCHE EN RELATIONS PUBLIQUES

L’analyse et les perceptions sont aujourd’hui un sujet d’actualité majeur dans le monde des affaires. Avec mes 20 ans d’expérience dans le secteur de la mesure des communications, je n’ai jamais vu autant d’intérêt pour ce sujet. Cette demande a entraîné un afflux de nouveaux et anciens fournisseurs proposant une multitude d’outils, de solutions et de services pour surveiller et évaluer les communications. Selon le wiki de Ken Burbary, plus de 220 entreprises offrent ces types de services, et ce chiffre augmente chaque jour.

Un nombre aussi élevé de fournisseurs potentiels avec des niveaux d’expérience variés peut entraîner des problèmes. L’un de ces problèmes est le manque de cohérence des résultats lorsqu’on mesure une même campagne entre différents prestataires. Un problème clé ici est que les mauvais termes et définitions sont fréquemment utilisés par les prestataires. Par exemple, les termes « ODV » (Occasion de voir), « lecture », « tirage » et « portée de l’audience » ont des significations différentes, mais dans certains cas, sont utilisés de manière interchangeable par différents fournisseurs. Il existe de nombreux autres exemples de ce type de confusion – « hits » et « vues de pages », par exemple.

En tant que secteur, si nous voulons résoudre ce problème, il est impératif que nous disions ce que nous voulons dire et que nous respections les définitions. Alors que l’industrie cherche à établir des normes et à démontrer des approches cohérentes et crédibles en matière de mesure, nous devons d’abord nous aligner sur une terminologie correcte et uniforme.

Nos partenaires à l’IPR ont produit une excellente ressource pour aider le secteur à faire exactement cela. Le Dictionnaire de la mesure et de la recherche en relations publiques explique en détail chaque terme couramment utilisé et fournit une définition claire.

Édité par Don Stacks et Shannon Bowen, ce dictionnaire est disponible en téléchargement iciT.

DIRECTIVES POUR DÉFINIR DES OBJECTIFS MESURABLES EN RELATIONS PUBLIQUES

Définir des objectifs mesurables dans le cadre d’un plan de communication crédible au début de toute activité de relations publiques est d’une importance fondamentale. Les objectifs de communication doivent soutenir les objectifs de l’organisation. Ils doivent être SMART (Spécifiques, Mesurables, Atteignables, Réalistes et Temporels). Un plan de relations publiques doit être créé, dans lequel les objectifs sont définis avant toute action, avec une indication claire de ce à quoi le succès devrait ressembler. Les objectifs de communication doivent aller au-delà du simple comptage des résultats pour lier l’activité de communication à un changement d’attitudes et de comportements, et, au final, à un impact organisationnel.

Avoir un plan de relations publiques clairement défini et significatif, détaillant comment l’activité de communication contribuera aux résultats organisationnels souhaités, est crucial pour tout programme de communication moderne et significatif. Sans un tel plan, toute forme de mesure significative devient impossible à réaliser. Pour cette raison, l’AMEC a mis à disposition des ressources et des conseils supplémentaires pour la création d’un plan de relations publiques adapté à votre organisation.

RESSOURCES UTILES POUR L’UTILISATION DU CADRE INTÉGRÉ

CATEGORY	ORGANISATION	TYPE OF DATA	LINK
Médias traditionnels	BARB – Broadcast Audience Research Boar (Conseil de Recherche sur l’Audience Télévisée)	Fournit des données sur l’audience télévisée hebdomadaire, mensuelle et trimestrielle. Inclut des données sur les chaînes, programmes et audiences.	barb.co.uk
	Regional Media Research (Comité Interprofessionnel de Recherche sur les Médias Régionaux)	Fournit des rapports sur la presse régionale, par région, incluant la lecture moyenne, les données démographiques, telles que l’âge, le sexe et la catégorie socio-économique.	jiab.jicreg.co.uk
	Mediatel	Plateforme d’industrie des médias pour les données, les outils de planification, les analyses de marché, l’actualité et les conférences.	mediatel.co.uk/
	Newspaper Society (Société des Journaux)	Informations limitées sur la lecture et la couverture des journaux.	newsmediauk.org
	RAJAR – Radio Joint Audience Research (Recherche Conjointe sur l’Audience Radio)	Fournit des chiffres d’audience radiophonique trimestriels pour les stations de radio nationales et locales, incluant la portée et les heures moyennes par auditeur.	nrs.co.uk
	RAJAR – Radio Joint Audience Research (Recherche Conjointe sur l’Audience Radio)	Fournit des chiffres d’audience radiophonique trimestriels pour les stations de radio nationales et locales, incluant la portée et les heures moyennes par auditeur.	rajar.co.uk
Médias sociaux / numériques	Alexa	Source de données sur le trafic des sites web.	alexa.com
	Backtweets	Recherche de liens sur Twitter.	backtweets.com
	Bitly	Outil permettant de raccourcir les URL et offrant des analyses associées, telles que l’historique des clics et le partage sur Facebook et Twitter.	bitly.com
	Buffer	Outil permettant de générer du trafic, d’augmenter l’engagement et de gagner du temps sur les réseaux sociaux.	buffer.com
	Facebook Insights	Analyses sur l’interaction avec votre compte.	facebook.com/help/search/?q=insights
	Google Alerts	Fournit des alertes régulières sur les nouveaux contenus web, blogs d’actualités et recherches en fonction de critères définis.	google.co.uk/alerts
	Google Analytics	Analyses de site web.	google.co.uk/analytics
	Google News Search	Agrégateur de titres et moteur de recherche pour de nombreux services d’actualités.	news.google.co.uk
	Google Trends	Explore les tendances des recherches effectuées sur Google.	google.co.uk/trends
	Hootsuite	Outil de planification et de gestion des médias sociaux.	hootsuite.com
	Kred	Plateforme de score d’influence.	home.kred
	LinkedIn Analytics	Analyses sur l’interaction avec les comptes individuels.	linkedin.com/help
	Social Bakers	Analyses des données issues des médias sociaux.	socialbakers.com
	Socialmention	Recherche et analyse en temps réel des médias sociaux.	socialmention.com
	Thunderclap	Plateforme de « crowdspeaking » permettant aux individus et entreprises de rassembler des gens pour diffuser un message.	thunderclap.it
	Traackr	Plateforme de gestion et d’identification des influenceurs.	traackr.com
	Tweetdeck	Outil de suivi et d’engagement sur Twitter.	tweetdeck.twitter.com
	Tweriod	Outil donnant les meilleurs moments pour publier sur Twitter.	tweriod.com
	Twitter Analytics	Analyses sur l’interaction avec votre compte Twitter.	analytics.twitter.com
Médias payants	IAB – Internet Advertising Bureau (Bureau de la Publicité sur Internet)	Le site IAB comprend un lexique dans la section ressources et présente des données et infographies sur certains secteurs.	iabuk.net
	IPA – Institute of Practitioners in Advertising (Institut des Praticiens en Publicité)	Le site de l’IPA inclut un guide des meilleures pratiques pour l’évaluation des campagnes publicitaires.	ipa.co.uk
	Netvibes	Solution tableau de bord pour les agences de publicité, médias sociaux, médias et relations publiques.	netvibes.com
Recherche de marché	Eventbrite	Outil permettant de promouvoir, gérer les invitations et l’enregistrement pour des événements, avec la possibilité de suivre les réponses et les participations le jour J.	eventbrite.co.uk
	Mail Chimp	Outil de création, d’envoi et de suivi du trafic des e-mails.	mailchimp.com
	Market Research Society (Société de Recherche en Marketing)	La MRS est la principale organisation mondiale en matière de recherche, dédiée à ceux qui ont besoin de données fiables pour prendre des décisions stratégiques.	mrs.org.uk
	Polldaddy	Outil de sondages en ligne.	polldaddy.com
	Smart Survey	Outil de sondages en ligne.	smartsurvey.co.uk
	Survey Monkey	Outil de sondages en ligne.	surveymonkey.co.uk
Visibilité des données et analyse des affaires	Microsoft BI	Microsoft Power BI transforme les données en visuels riches.	powerbi.microsoft.com
	Tableau	Outil de visualisation des données provenant de différentes sources.	tableau.com
	Piktochart	Outil de création d’infographies.	piktochart.com
	Prezi	Logiciel de présentation.	prezi.com
Divers	AMEC	Le site de référence pour les ressources de mesure et d’analyse, y compris une liste de prestataires de mesure, des études de cas et des bonnes pratiques.	amecorg.com/resource-centre
	CIPR – Royal Chartered body for public relations professionals (Organisme agréé par charte royale pour les professionnels des relations publiques)	Le CIPR offre plusieurs ressources, dont un guide de mesure des médias sociaux et un guide sur la surveillance des médias sociaux.	cipr.co.uk
	data.gov.uk	Données et rapports gouvernementaux, avec possibilité de filtrer les résultats par type de publication et d’analyse.	gov.uk
	ICCO (Organisation Internationale des Cabinets de Conseil en Communication)	L’International Communications Consultancy Organisation (ICCO) est la voix des agences de relations publiques à l’échelle mondiale.	iccopr.com
	IPR (Institut des Relations Publiques)	L’Institute for Public Relations est une fondation à but non lucratif dédiée à la recherche en relations publiques.	instituteforpr.org
	Neighbourhood Statistics	Ressource riche pour les projets locaux ou régionaux.	neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk
	OFCOM – Le régulateur des communications	Le site OFCOM fournit des données sur la propriété et l’utilisation de la télévision, de la radio numérique et des téléphones fixes/mobiles.	ofcom.org
	ONS – Office for National Statistics (Bureau des Statistiques Nationales)	Une mine de données, incluant les résultats du recense	ons.gov.uk/ons
	PRCA	Le PRCA (Public Relations and Communications Association) promouvoit tous les aspects des relations publiques et de la communication interne, en aidant les équipes et les individus à maximiser la valeur qu’ils apportent à leurs clients et à leurs organisations.	prca.org.uk

Études de cas

ÉTUDES DE CAS DU CADRE MÉTHODOLOGIQUE:

THE STROKE ASSOCIATIONDOWNLOAD

NHS BLOOD & TRANSPLANTDOWNLOAD

STONER SLOTHDOWNLOAD

ÉTUDES DE CAS EN COMMUNICATIONS INTÉGRÉES:

WHO REALLY WON CHRISTMAS?DOWNLOAD

THE SOCIAL PR VIRTUOSODOWNLOAD

LECTURES COMPLÉMENTAIRES / BIBLIOGRAPHIE

ÉVALUATION DE LA COMMUNICATION ET DES RELATIONS PUBLIQUES

LIVRES ACADÉMIQUES & CHAPITRES DE LIVRES

Les amis et partenaires industriels de l’AMEC au sein de l’IPR, l’Institut des Relations Publiques basé aux États-Unis, ont publié un excellent Livre Blanc intitulé “Guidelines for Setting Measurable Public Relations Objectives” (Lignes directrices pour définir des objectifs mesurables en relations publiques). Rédigé par la Commission de mesure de l’IPR et dirigé par Forrest W. Anderson, consultant en planification et évaluation, avec Linda Hadley, David Rockland et Mark Weiner, ce document peut être téléchargé ici.

Daymon, C., & Holloway, I. (2011). Qualitative research methods in public relations and marketing communications (2nd ed.). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.

Blanchard, O. (2011). Social media ROI: Managing and measuring social media efforts in your organization. Indianapolis, IN: Que; Boston, MA: Pearson.

Brody, E., & Stone, G. (1989). Public relations research. New York, NY: Praeger.

Broom, G., & Dozier, D. (1990). Using research in public relations: Applications to program management. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Broom, G., & Macnamara, J. (2009). Evaluating the program. In G. Broom, Cutlip & Center’s effective public relations (10th ed., pp. 349–376). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Devereaux Ferguson, S. (1999). Constructing a theoretical framework for evaluating public relations programs and activities. In M. Roloff (Ed.). Communication yearbook 21 (pp. 191–229). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Ehling, W. (1992). Estimating the value of public relations and communication to an organization. In J. Grunig (Ed.), Excellence in public relations and communication management (pp. 617–638). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Gregory A., & White, J. (2008). Introducing the Chartered Institute of Public Relations initiative: Moving on from talking about evaluation to incorporating it into better management of the practice. In B. van Ruler, A. Verčič, & D. Verčič (Eds.), Public relations metrics, research and evaluation (pp. 307–317). New York, NY: Routledge.

Grunig, J. (2008). Conceptualizing quantitative research in public relations. In B. van Ruler, A. Verčič, & D. Verčič (Eds.), Public relations metrics, research and evaluation (pp. 88–119). New York, NY: Routledge.

Grunig, L., Grunig, J., & Dozier, D. (2002). Excellent organizations and effective organizations: A study of communication management in three countries. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Li, C., & Stacks, D. (2015). Measuring the impact of social media on business profit and success. New York, NY: Peter Lang.

Likely, F., & Watson, T. (2013). Measuring the edifice: Public relations measurement and evaluation practice over the course of 40 years. In K. Sriramesh, A. Zerfass, & J. Kim, (Eds.), Public relations and communication management: Current trends and emerging topics (pp. 143–162). New York, NY: Routledge. Available at http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/20494/

Macnamara, J. (2002). Research and evaluation. In C. Tymson & P. Lazar, The new Australian and New Zealand public relations manual (21st Century ed., pp. 100–134). Sydney, NSW: Tymson Communications.

Macnamara, J. (2012). Public Relations Theory, Practice, Critiques. Sydney, NSW: Pearson.

Paine, KD (2011) Measure What Matters: Online Tools For Understanding Customers, Social Media, Engagement, and Key Relationships. Wiley

Pavlik, J. (1987). Public relations: What research tells us. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Shelddrake, P (2011) The Business of Influence: Reframing marketing and PR for the digital age Wiley.

Stacks, D. (2011). Primer of public relations research (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guildford Press.

Stacks, D., & Michaelson, D. (2010). A practitioner’s guide to public relations research, measurement, and evaluation. New York, NY: Business Experts Press.

Stacks, D., & Watson, M. (2007). Two-way communication based on quantitative research and measurement. In E. Toth (Ed.), The future of excellence in public relations and communication management: Challenges for the next generation (pp. 67–84). Mahwah, NJ; Lawrence Erlbaum.

Theaker, A. (2012). The public relations handbook (4th ed.). Abingdon, UK: Routledge. van Ruler, B., Verčič, A., & Verčič, D. (Eds.). (2008). Public relations metrics: Research and evaluation. New York, NY: Routledge.

Watson, T. (1996). New models for evaluating public relations practice. In B. Baerns & J. Klewes (Eds.), Jahrbuch public relations (pp. 50–62). Dusseldorf: Econ Verlag.

Watson, T., & Noble, P. (2005). Evaluating public relations: A best practice guide to public relations planning, research and evaluation. London, UK: Kogan Page.

Watson, T., & Noble, P. (2007). Evaluating public relations: A best practice guide to public relations planning, research and evaluation (2nd ed.). London, UK: Kogan Page.

Watson, T., & Noble, P. (2014). Evaluating Public Relations: A best practice guide to public relations planning, research and evaluation (3rd ed.). London, UK: Kogan Page.

Weiner, Mark (2006) Unleashing the Power of PR: A contrarian’s guide to Marketing and communications US: Wiley

Zerfass, A. (2008). Corporate communication revisited: Integrating business strategy and strategic communication. In A. Zerfass, B. Van Ruler, & K. Sriramesh (Eds.), Public relations research: European and international perspectives and innovations (pp. 65-96). Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.

Zerfass, A., van Ruler, B., & Sriramesh, K. (Eds.). (2008). Public Relations Research: European and International Perspectives and Innovations. Wiesbaden, Germany: VS Verlag fur Sozialwissenschaften (Springer Science + Business Media).

ARTICLES ACADÉMIQUES ET COMMUNIQUÉS DE CONFÉRENCE ÉVALUÉS PAR DES PAIRS

Baskin, O., Hahn, J., Seaman, S., & Reines, D. (2010). Perceived effectiveness and implementation of public relations measurement and evaluation tools among European providers and consumers of PR services. Public Relations Review, 36, 105–111.

Distaso, M., McCorkindale, T., & Wright, D. (2011). How public relations executives perceive and measure the impact of social media in their organizations. Public Relations Review, 37(3), 325–328.

Disponible sur : https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251582796_How_public_relations_executives_perceive_and_measure_the_impact_of_social_media_in_their_organizations

Donsbach, W., & Brade, A. (2011). Nothing is as practical as a good theory: What communication research can offer to the practice of political communication. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 16(4), 508–522,

Fairchild, M. (2006). Evaluating public relations: a best practice guide to public relations planning, research and evaluation. Journal of Communication Management, 10(1), 113–115. http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/13632540210807125

Fleisher, C., & Mahaffy, D. (1997). A balanced scorecard approach to public relations management assessment. Public Relations Review, 23(2), 117–123.

Gregory, A. (2001). Public relations and evaluation: Does the reality match the rhetoric. Journal of Marketing Communications, 7, 171–189.

Gregory, A., & Watson, T. (2008). Defining the gap between research and practice in public relations programme evaluation: Towards a new research agenda. Journal of Marketing Communications, 24(5), 337–350.

Lee, L., & Yoon, Y. (2010). Return on investment (ROI) of international public relations: A country-level analysis. Public Relations Review, 36(1), 15–20.

Lindenmann, W. (1990). Research, evaluation and measurement: A national perspective. Public Relations Review, 16(2), 3–16.

Lindenman, W. (1993). An ‘effectiveness yardstick’ to measure public relations success. Public Relations Quarterly, 38(1), 7–9.

Lindenmann, W. (1998). Only PR outcomes count: That is the real bottom line. Journal of Communication Management, 3(1), 66–73.

Macnamara, J. (1992). Evaluation of public relations: The Achilles Heel of the public relations profession. International Public Relations Review, 15(2), 19–25.

Macnamara, J. (2005). Media content analysis: Its uses, benefits and best practice methodology. Asia Pacific Public Relations Review, 6(1), 1–34. Available at http://amecorg.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Media-Content-Analysis-Paper.pdf

Macnamara, J. (2014). The ‘toe bone to the head bone’ logic model to connect PR and corporate communication to organization outcomes. PRism, 11(1), 1–15. Available at http://www.prismjournal.org/homepage.html

Macnamara J. (2014). Emerging international standards for measurement and evaluation of public relations: A critical analysis. Public Relations Inquiry, 3(1), 7–28.

Macnamara, J. (2015). Breaking the measurement and evaluation deadlock: A new approach and model. Journal of Communication Management, 19(4), 1–18.

Meng J., & Berger, B. (2012). Measuring return on investment (ROI) organizations’ internal communication effort. Journal of Communication Management, 16(4), 332–54.

Michaelson, D., & Stacks, D. (2011). Standardization in public relations measurement and evaluation. Public Relations Journal, 5(2), 1–22.

Michaelson, D., Wright, D., & Stacks, D. (2012). Evaluating efficacy in public relations/corporate communication programming: Towards establishing standards of campaign performance. Public Relations Journal, 6(5), 1–24. Available at http://www.prsa.org/Intelligence/PRJournal/Vol6/No5/

Noble, P., & Watson, T. (1999). Applying a unified public relations evaluation model in a European context. Paper presented to Transnational Communication in Europe: Practice and Research International Congress, Berlin.

Stacks, D., & Bowen, S. (2013). Toward the establishment of ethical standardization in public relations research, measurement and evaluation. Public Relations Journal, 7(3), 1–28. Available at http://www.prsa.org/intelligence/prjournal/documents/2013_stacksbowen.pdf

Watson, T. (2005). ROI or evidence-based PR: The language of public relations evaluation. Prism, 3(1). Available at http://www.prismjournal.org/fileadmin/Praxis/Files/Journal_Files/Issue3/Watson.pdf

Watson, T. (2008). Public relations research priorities: A Delphi study. Journal of Communication Management, 12(2), 104–123.

Watson, T. (2012). The evolution of public relations measurement and evaluation. Public Relations Review, 38(3), 390–398.

Watson, T., & Zerfass, A. (2011). Return on investment in public relations: A critique of concepts used by practitioners from communication and management sciences perspectives. PRism, 8(1), 1–14. Available at http://www.prismjournal.org/vol8_1.html

Xavier, R., Patel, A., Johnston, K., Watson, T., & Simmons, P. (2005). Using evaluation techniques and performance claims to demonstrate public relations impact: An Australian perspective. Public Relations Review, 31(3), 417–424.

Zerfass, A. (2009). Institutionalizing strategic communication: Theoretical analysis and empirical evidence. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 3, 69 –71.

Zerfass, A. (2010). Assuring rationality and transparency in corporate communications. Theoretical foundations and empirical findings on communication controlling and communication performance management. In M. Dodd & K. Yamamura (Eds.), Ethical Issues for Public Relations Practice in a Multicultural World, 13th International Public Relations Research Conference (pp. 947–966). Gainesville, FL: Institute for Public Relations. Available at http://iprrc.org/paperinfo_proceedings

ARTICLES EN LIGNE ET PUBLICATIONS PROFESSIONNELLES

Carroll, T., & Stacks, D. (2004). Bibliography of public relations measurement. Gainesville, FL: Institute for Public Relations. Available at http://www.instituteforpr.org/wp-content/uploads/PRM_Bibliography.pdf

Childers, L., & Grunig, J. (1999). Guidelines for measuring relationship in public relations. Gainesville, FL: Institute for Public Relations. Available at http://www.instituteforpr.org/measuring-relationships/

Eisenmann, M., O’Neil, J., & Geddes, D. (2015). An examination of the validity, reliability and best practice related to the standards for traditional media. Research Journal of the Institute for Public Relations, 2(1), 1–29. Available at http://www.instituteforpr.org/examination-validity-reliability-best-practices-related-standards-traditional-media/

European Commission. (2014, August). Measuring the European Commission’s communication: Technical and methodological report. Available at http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/communication/about/evaluation/index_en.htm

Henningsen, A., Traverse Healy, K., Gregory, A. Johannsen, A., Allison, R., Bozeat, N., & Domaradzki, L. (2014, August 1). Measuring the European Commission’s communication: Technical and methodological report. Available at http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/communication/about/evaluation/index_en.htm

Huhn, J., Sass, J., & Storck, C. (2011). Communication controlling: How to maximize and demonstrate the value creation through communication. Berlin, Germany: German Public Relations Association (DPRG). Available athttp://www.quadriga.eu/_files/downloads/2011-11-16_position-paper_com-controlling.pdf

Jeffrey, A. (2015). How to measure social media: Linking PR activities to target audience effects. The Measurement Standard, January 10. Available at http://www.themeasurementstandard.com/2015/01/measure-social-media-choosing-tools-benchmarking

Likely, F. (2012). Principles for the use of return on investment (ROI), Benefit-cost ratio (BCR) and cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) financial metrics in a public relations/communication (PR/C) department. Paper presented to the 15th International Public Relations Research Conference, 8–10 March, Miami, FL. Available at http://www.instituteforpr.org/wp-content/uploads/15th-IPRRC-Proceedings1.pdf

Likely, F., Rockland, D., & Weiner, M. (2006). Perspectives on the ROI of media relations publicity efforts. Gainesville, FL: Institute for Public Relations. Available at http://www.instituteforpr.org/research_single/perspectives_on_the_roi/

Lindenmann, W. (1997). Using research to measure the effectiveness of PR programs. Quirk’s Marketing Research. Retrieved from http://www.quirks.com/articles/a1997/19970204.aspx

Lindenmann, W. (1997). Guidelines and standards for measuring and evaluating PR effectiveness. PR Pundit. Available at http://prpundit.com/pdf/prTools/MeasuringandEvaluatingPREffectiveness.pdf

Lindenmann, W. (2001). Research doesn’t have to put you in the poorhouse. Gainesville, FL: Institute for Public Relations. Available at http://www.instituteforpr.org/topics/research-savings

Lindenmann, W. (1997/2003). Guidelines for measuring the effectiveness of PR programs and activities. Gainsville, FL: Institute for Public Relations. Retrieved http://www.instituteforpr.org/wp-content/uploads/2002_MeasuringPrograms.pdf (Original work published 1997)

Macnamara, J. (2014). Breaking the PR measurement and evaluation deadlock: A new approach and model. Paper presented to the AMEC Summit on Measurement, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Available at http://amecorg.com/downloads/amsterdam2014/Breaking-the-PR-Measurement-Deadlock-A-New-Approach-and-Model-Jim-Macnamara.pdf

McCorkindale, T., DiStaso, M. (2014). The state of social media research: Where are we now, where we were and what it means for public relations. Research Journal of the Institute for Public Relations, 1(1), 1–17. Available at http://www.instituteforpr.org/state-social-media-research-now-means-public-relations

Sinickas, A. (2003). Focus on behaviour change to prove ROI. Strategic Communication Management, 7(6), 12–13. Available at http://www.sinicom.com/Sub%20Pages/pubs/articles/article58.pdf

Skelley, L., & Ziviani, M. (2012). Measuring PR performance across borders: How a global programme works. In PR Professionals Definitive Guide to Measurement, Association for Measurement and Evaluation of Communication, London, UK. Available at http://prguidetomeasurement.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Chapter-5-Laura-Skelley-Michael-Ziviani.pdf

Smith, B. (2008). Representing PR in the marketing mix: A study on public relations variables in marketing mix modelling. Gainesville, FL: Institute for Public Relations. Available at http://www.instituteforpr.org/wp-content/uploads/BG_SmithKetchum.pdf

Solis, B. (2010). ROI: How to measure return on investment in social media. @Brian Solis, 22 February. Available at http://www.briansolis.com/2010/02/roi-how-to-measure-return-on-investment-in-social-media

DPRG/ICV framework for communication controlling. Available at http://www.communicationcontrolling.de/en/positions/framework.html

European Commission. (2015, July). Toolkit for the evaluation of the communication activities. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/communication/about/evaluation/index_en.htm

Fairchild, M. (2001). The IPR toolkit: Planning, research and evaluation for public relations success (2nd ed.). London, UK: Institute of Public Relations (now CIPR).

Fairchild, F., & O’Conner, N. (1999). The public relations research and evaluation toolkit: How to measure the effectiveness of PR. London, UK: Institute of Public Relations (now CIPR).

GCS (Government Communication Service). (2015). Evaluation Framework. Cabinet Office, Whitehall, London, UK. Available at https://gcs.civilservice.gov.uk/guidance/evaluation/tools-and-resources

IPRA (International Public Relations Association). (1994). Public relations evaluation: Professional accountability, Gold Paper No. 11, November. Geneva, Switzerland: Author.

Lindenman, W. (1997). Guidelines for measuring and evaluating PR effectiveness. Gainesville, FL: Institute for Public Relations.

Lindenmann, W. (1997/2003). Guidelines for measuring the effectiveness of PR programs and activities. Gainesville, FL: Institute for Public Relations. Available at http://www.instituteforpr.org/wp-content/uploads/2002_MeasuringPrograms.pdf . (Revised version of original work 1997)

Lindenmann, W. (2006). Public Relations Research for Planning and Evaluation. Resource booklet. Gainesville, FL: Institute for Public Relations. Available at http://www.instituteforpr.org/wp-content/uploads/2006_Planning_Eval.pdf

Public Relations Institute of Australia. (2014). Principles on best practice in research, measurement, and evaluation in public relations. Available at http://www.pria.com.au/documents/item/6726

Public Relations Institute of Australia. (2014). Media and social media content analysis guidelines. Available at http://www.pria.com.au/documents/item/6727

Public Relations Society of America. (2014). Measurement resources. Available at http://www.prsa.org/intelligence/businesscase/measurementresources

Stacks, D., & Bowen, S. (Eds.). (2013). Dictionary of public relations measurement and research. Gainesville FL: Institute for Public Relations. Available at http://www.instituteforpr.org/topics/dictionary-of-public-relations-measurement-and-research/

RAPPORTS DE RECHERCHE

Macnamara, J. (2014). The development of international standards for measurement and evaluation of public relations and corporate communication: A review. Sydney, NSW: Australian Centre for Public Communication, University of Technology Sydney. Available at https://www.uts.edu.au/sites/default/files/acpc-pr-measurement-and-evaluation-review.pdf

Wright, D., Gaunt, R., Leggetter, B., Daniels, M., & Zerfass, A. (2009). Global survey of communications measurement 2009 – final report. London, UK: Association for Measurement and Evaluation of Communication. Available at http://amecorg.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Global-Survey-Communications_Measurement-20091.pdf

Zerfass, A., Verčič, D., Verhoeven, P., Moreno, A., & Tench, R. (2015). European communication monitor 2015. Brussels, Belgium: European Association for Communication Directors (EACD) and European Public Relations Education and Research Association (EUPRERA) in association with Helios Media, Berlin. Available at http://www.zerfass.de/ECM-WEBSITE/media/ECM2015-Results-ChartVersion.pdf

AUTRES RESSOURCES POUR L’ÉVALUATION DES RELATIONS PUBLIQUES ET DE LA COMMUNICATION

Geddes, D., Grunig, J., Likely, F., Lindenmann, W., Macleod, S., Macnamara, J. Mathes, R., Paine, K., Rockland, D., Stacks, D., & Watson, T. (2010). Thought leaders in PR measurement. Available at http://www.communicationcontrolling.de/en/resources/interviews/thought-leaders.html

Institute for Public Relations Measurement Commission. (2015). Research and conversations. Available at http://www.instituteforpr.org/center/ipr-measurement-center/

Melcrum. (2015). Measurement and evaluation. Web site resources for internal communication. Available at https://www.melcrum.com/internal-communication-measurement-evaluation

Paine Publishing. (n.d.). K. Paine (Publisher). Available at http://painepublishing.com/

Public Relations Society of America and American Statistical Association. (2011). Best Practices Guide for Use of Statistics in Public Relations. Available at http://amecorg.com/white-papers-and-reports/

Salience Insight and News International. (n.d.). B. Paarlberg (Ed.), The Measurement Standard. Available at http://www.themeasurementstandard.com/

LITTÉRATURE SUR L’ÉVALUATION DANS D’AUTRES DISCIPLINES

Économie Comportementale / Introspection comportementale :

Behavioural Insights. (2015). [Web site]. London, UK. Available at http://www.behaviouralinsights.co.uk

Psychology Today. (2015). [Web site]. Available at https://www.psychologytoday.com/topics/behavioral-economics

Samson, A., (Ed.). (2014). The behavioral economics guide 2014. Available at http://www.behavioraleconomics.com/BEGuide2014.pdf

Thaler, R., & Sunstein, C. (2008). Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press

Communication en Santé / Promotion de la Santé :

Bauman, A., & Nutbeam, D. (2014). Evaluation in a nutshell: A practical guide to the evaluation of health promotion programs (2nd ed.). North Ryde, NSW: McGraw-Hill.

Hornik, R. (Ed.). (2002). Public health communication: Evidence for behavior change. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Kreps, G. (2014). Evaluating health communication programs to enhance health care and health promotion. Journal of Health Communication: International Perspectives, 19(12), 1449–1459.

O’Connor-Fleming, M., Parker, E., Higgins, H., & Gould, T. (2006). A framework for evaluating health promotion programs. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 17(1), 61–66. Available at http://eprints.qut.edu.au/9440/1/9440.pdf

Rice, R., & Atkin, C. (Eds.). (2013). Public communication campaigns (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Shiavo, R. (2014). Planning, implementing, and evaluating a health communication intervention. In Health communication: From theory to practice (2nd ed., Part 3). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Théorie des Programmes et Théorie du Changement :

Anderson, A. (2005). The community builder’s approach to theory of change: A practical guide to theory and development. New York, NY: The Aspen Institute Roundtable on Community Change.

Chen, H. (1990). Theory Driven Evaluations. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Clark, H., & Taplin, D. (2012). Theory of change basics: A primer on theory of change. New York, NY: Actknowledge.

Milstein, B., & Chapel, T. (2014). Developing a logic model or theory of change. Community Tool Box. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Work Group for Community Health and Development. Available at http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/overview/models-for-community-health-and-development/logic-model-development/main

Owen, J. (2006). Program evaluation: Forms and approaches (3rd ed.). Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin.

Rossi, P., Lipsey, M., & Freeman, H. (2004). Evaluation: A systematic approach (7th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Wholey, J. (1987). Evaluability assessment: Developing program theory. New Directions for Program Evaluation, 33, 77–92.

Program Evaluation: (See also ‘Program Logic Models’)

Barrett, F. (2013). Program evaluation: A step-by-step guide. Urbana, IL: Sunnycrest.

Boulmetis, J., & Dutwin, P. (2005). The ABCs of evaluation: Timeless techniques for program and project managers. San Francisco, CA: Wiley.

Owen, J. (2006). Program evaluation: Forms and approaches (3rd ed.). Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin.

Rossi, P., Freeman, H., & Lipsey, M. (2004). Evaluation. A systematic approach (7th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Weiss, C. (1972). Evaluative research: Methods of assessing program effectiveness. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Wholey, J. (1983). Evaluation and effective public management. Boston, MA: Little, Brown.

Wholey J., Hatry, H., & Newcomer, K. (Eds.). (2010). Handbook of practical program evaluation (3rd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Yarbrough, B., Lyn, M., Shulha, H., Rodney K., & Caruthers, A. (2011). The program evaluation standards: A guide for evaluators and evaluation Users (3rd ed.). Sage.

Modèles Logiques de Programmes :

Bennett, C. (1976). Analyzing impacts of extension programs, ESC-575.Washington, DC: US Department of Agriculture Extension Service.

Fournier, D. (1995). Establishing evaluation conclusions: A distinction between general and working logic. New Directions for Program Evaluation, 68, 15–32.

Henert, E., & Taylor-Power, E. (2008). Developing a logic model: Teaching and training guide. Available at http://www.uwex.edu/ces/pdande/evaluation/pdf/lmguidecomplete.pdf

Julian, D. (1997). The utilization of the logic model as a system level planning and evaluation device. Evaluation and Program Planning, 20(3), 251–257.

Kellogg Foundation. (2004). Logic model development guide. Battle Creek, MI: Author. Available at http://www.epa.gov/evaluate/pdf/eval-guides/logic-model-development-guide.pdf

Knowlton, L. & Phillips, C. (2013). The logic model guidebook: Better strategies for great results (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

McLaughlin, J., & Jordan, J. (1999). Logic models: a tool for telling your program’s performance story. Evaluation and Program Planning, 22(1), 65–72.

Milstein, B., & Chapel, T. (2014). Developing a logic model or theory of change. Community Tool Box.

Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Work Group for Community Health and Development. Available at http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/overview/models-for-community-health-and-development/logic-model-development/main

PCI (Practical Concepts, Inc.) (1979). The logical framework. A manager’s guide to a scientific approach to design & evaluation. Washington, DC. Available at http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pnabn963.pdf

Rush, B., & Ogbourne A. (1991). Program logic models: Expanding their role and structure for program planning and evaluation. Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation, 6(2), 95–106.

Gestion de la Performance :

Better Evaluation. (2015). An international collaboration to improve evaluation practice. Website resources. Available at http://betterevaluation.org/

Boardman, E., Greenberg, D., Vining, A., & Weimer, D. (2010). Cost-benefit analysis concepts and practice (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization. (2014). How CSIRO ensures it delivers impact. Sydney, NSW: Author. Available at http://www.csiro.au/en/About/Strategy-structure/Our-impact-framework

International Integrated Reporting Council. (2013). International Integrated Reporting Framework. London, UK. Available at http://www.theiirc.org/international-ir-framework

Kaplan, R., & Norton, D. (1992, January-February). The balanced scorecard: Measures that drive performance. Harvard Business Review, 70(1), 71–79.

Layard, R., & Glaister, S. (1994). Cost-benefit analysis (2nd ed). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Levin, H., & McEwan, P. (2001). Cost-effectiveness analysis: Methods and applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Love, A. (1991). Internal evaluation: Building organizations from within. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Mishan, E., & Quah, E. (2007). Cost-benefit analysis (5th ed.). Milton Park, UK: Routledge.

Walsh, C. (2008). Key management ratios (4th ed.). Harlow, UK: Prentice Hall/Financial Times.

Marketing :

Content Marketing Framework: Measurement. (n.d.). Content Marketing Institute. Available at http://contentmarketinginstitute.com/measurement/

Farris, P., Bendle, N., Pfeifer, P., & Reibstein, D. (2010). Marketing metrics: The definitive guide to measuring marketing performance (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.

Marketing Incitatif :

Voir « Économie Comportementale / Introspection comportementale »

Psychologie / Psychologie Sociale :

McGuire, W. (1985). Attitudes and attitude change. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 136-314). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

McGuire, W. J. (2001). Input and output variables currently promising for constructing persuasive communications. In R. Rice & C. Atkin (Eds.), Public communication campaigns (3rd ed., pp. 22–48). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

See also ‘Engagement’ and ‘Behavioural Economics/Insights’

Engagement:

Macey, W., & Schneider, B. (2008). The meaning of employee engagement. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1, 3–30.

Meyer, J., & Smith, C. (2000). HRM practices and organisational commitment: A test of a mediation model. Canadian Journal of Administrative Services, 17, 319–331.

Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R., & Armeli, S. (2001). Affective commitment to the organization: The contribution of perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 825–836. Available http://www.psychology.uh.edu/faculty/Eisenberger/files/04_Affective_Commitment_to_the_Organization.pdf

Ressources Générales sur l’Évaluation :

American Evaluation Society – www.eval.org

Australasian Evaluation Society – www.aes.asn.au

Harvard Family Research Project, The Evaluation Exchange – www.gse.harvard.edu/hfrp/eval.html

Trochim, W. (2006). Evaluation research. In Research methods knowledge base. Available at http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/evaluation.php

United Kingdom Evaluation Society – http://www.evaluation.org.uk/